Impacts of population growth, economic development, and technical change on global food production and consumption

Over the next decades mankind will demand more food from fewer land and water resources. This study quantifies the food production impacts of four alternative development scenarios from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Special Report on Emission Scenarios. Partially and jointly considered are land and water supply impacts from population growth, and technical change, as well as forest and agricultural commodity demand shifts from population growth and economic development. The income impacts on food demand are computed with dynamic elasticities. Simulations with a global, partial equilibrium model of the agricultural and forest sectors show that per capita food levels increase in all examined development scenarios with minor impacts on food prices. Global agricultural land increases by up to 14% between 2010 and 2030. Deforestation restrictions strongly impact the price of land and water resources but have little consequences for the global level of food production and food prices. While projected income changes have the highest partial impact on per capita food consumption levels, population growth leads to the highest increase in total food production. The impact of technical change is amplified or mitigated by adaptations of land management intensities.     

Optimized denitrification bioreactor treatment through simulated drainage containment

In the design of wood-based, enhanced-denitrification bioreactors to treat nitrate in agricultural drainage, the consideration of the highly variable flow rates and nitrate concentrations inherent to many drainage systems is important. For optimized mitigation of these nitrate loads, it may be best to contain drainage water prior to treatment in order to facilitate longer, more constant retention times rather than to allow cycles of flushing and dry periods in the denitrification bioreactor. Simulated containment prior to bioreactor treatment compared to passing drainage directly through a bioreactor was investigated with the use of six pilot-scale denitrification bioreactors constructed with plywood and filled with Pinus radiata woodchips at Massey University No. 4 Dairy Farm (Palmerston North, New Zealand). Initial bromide tracer tests were followed with a series of five simulated drainage events each at successively declining inflow nitrate concentrations. During each drainage event, three pilot bioreactors received a simulated hydrograph lasting 1.5 days (Non-Containment treatment) and three pilot bioreactors received the same total drainage volume treated over 4 days at a constant flow rate (i.e. constant retention time; Containment treatment). Results showed significantly different total mass removal efficiencies of 14.0% vs. 36.9% and significantly different removal rates of 2.1 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ vs. 6.7 g N m⁻³ day⁻¹ for the Non-Containment and Containment treatments, respectively, which indicated that treating drainage at constant retention times provided more optimized nitrate removal. While this work was done to evaluate treatment under New Zealand drainage conditions, it also provides valuable information for optimizing agricultural drainage denitrification bioreactor performance in general.     

基于Harris算子的籽粒尖端识别方法

通过籽粒尖端形态特征分析,提出了一种基于Harris角点检测的籽粒尖端识别方法。Harris算子在一个局部区域中检测角特征,作为籽粒最明显的角结构,尖端在Harris角点检测中具有最大的响应值,使其对尖端不明显的籽粒也有良好的响应。通过对玉米、南瓜和西葫芦等具有尖端特征的750粒籽粒的测试结果表明,提出算法的尖端检测综合准确率为95.6%。     

棉秆粉碎收获机的设计

利用旋转甩刀的切割及冲击作用对棉秆进行粉碎，并利用甩刀高速旋转产生的惯性和气流对粉碎的棉秆进行抛送。在田间试验的基础上，通过理论探讨，对棉秆粉碎收获机的基本原理、主要部件及技术参数，尤其是甩刀转速进行分析、设计，设计了与中型拖拉机配套的棉秆粉碎收获机。     

达拉特旗井灌条件下农田水利用及地下水动态分析研究

以达拉特旗壕庆河流域为研究对象,通过对该区地下水位和水质的监测及农田水利用状况的调查,摸清地下水的年动态变化规律及水质分布,初步估算该研究区农田灌溉地下水年开采量,从而为本流域的地下水资源评价及合理开发,高效利用提供一定的依据。根据数据分析结果,地下水是从西南流向东北方向,补给黄河南岸引黄灌区。观测期间地下水位年际变化受降雨的影响较大,总体呈上升趋势,变化幅度为0.5～1.5m。pH值超过8.5,呈碱性水,部分区域地下水矿化度为0.5～0.9g/L,可用于农业灌溉,随着地下水流动的方向,水质逐渐变差,下游的盐分浓度最大到2.6g/L,需要合理进行灌溉防止土壤盐碱化。通过遥感图片识别分析计算出该区农田面积为1 398hm2,农业灌溉年开采地下水量为516万m3。     

县域农机化技术推广工作探讨

在新的形势下,县域农机推广部门肩负着认真做好技术推广工作的重任,农机推广部门应该明确目标,履行职责,抓住重点,强化自身素质,更快更好地做好农机化普及工作.     

农用运输车行驶平顺性的模拟计算与分析

提出了四轮农用运输车的八自由度随机振动系统模型，对整车行驶平顺性进行了计算机模拟计算和分析计算结果得到了试验验证。     

强化农机培训,造就新"能民"

建设社会主义新农村,农民是主人、是主力军。新农村建设的宏伟目标能否实现,从根本上讲,取决于农民的思想观念和科技文化素质。强化对农民的培训,是提高农民综合素质的关键,也是全面推进社会主义新农村建设的需要;既是县级农机学校的发展出路,也是加快培养新农村建设人才的重要措施。     

我国欠发达地区农业保险问题探究

我国农业保险在1982年恢复以来一直都处于低潮期,高风险、高赔付率在迫使农险业务逐步萎缩,本文分析了我国欠发达地区农业保险存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

中国农业机械化财政投入分析

针对实现我国2020年国内生产总值比2000年翻两番目标对农业机械化的需求，研究了农业机械化水平与农业机械净值、农业机械化投入之间的关系，以及政府财政投入对农业机械化投入的带动作用；对实现2020年我国农业机械化水平达到65％的目标所需的财政投入进行了测算，分析了财政投入的可行性。